BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Laboratory Evaluations of Four Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
نویسندگان
چکیده
The infectivity of four species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) [Breton strain], Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar & Raulston [Weslaco strain], Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar [HP88 strain], and Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David [Coimbatore strain] was examined in the laboratory against two subterranean termites: Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. In petri dish tests, they were all effective againstC. formosanus at 400nematodes per termite. Steinernema riobravehadnodetectable effect againstR. flavipes even at a rate of 2,000 nematodes per termite. The virulence of the nematodes for R. flavipes was H. indica H. bacteriophora S. carpocapsae S. riobrave. The virulence of the nematodes for C. formosanus was H. indica and H. bacteriophora S. carpocapsae and S. riobrave at 0.10 level. The LD50 of H. indica against R. flavipes in petri dishes and in containers with vermiculite/sand medium were 296 (95% FL: 231Ð353) and 264 (95% FL: 176Ð344) nematodes per termite, respectively. The LD50 ofH. bacteriophora againstR. flavipes in petri dishes was 494 (95% FL: 357Ð625) nematodes per termite. Heterorhabditis indica repelled termites at high concentrations in sand and vermiculite medium. The length of repellency varied with the nematode concentration. Nematodes were able to reproduce from R. flavipes and C. formosanus. The possibility of using nematodes to control termites is discussed.
منابع مشابه
When Subterranean Termites Challenge the Rules of Fungal Epizootics
Over the past 50 years, repeated attempts have been made to develop biological control technologies for use against economically important species of subterranean termites, focusing primarily on the use of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. However, no successful field implementation of biological control has been reported. Most previous work has been conducted under the assump...
متن کاملA novel strain of Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) possesses superior virulence to subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
Subterranean termites are major global pests of wood structures and wood products. Among the most economically important subterranean termite species in the US are Heterotermes aureus, Reticulitermes flavipes, and Coptotermes formosanus. In prior studies, the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema riobrave strain 355, exhibited a high level of virulence to H. aureus compared with other nematode...
متن کاملBioavailability of chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb to eastern subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in various soils.
A laboratory study was conducted to determine the toxicity of indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole to Eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) resulting from topical applications and exposure to treated soil. Soils with varying organic matter (0.57-3.64%) and chemical characteristics were used in termiticide bioassays. Lethal dose resulting from ...
متن کاملEffect of orange oil extract on the formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermesformosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), accidentally brought into the United States, has become a major urban pest, causing damage to structures and live trees. Because of increasing restrictions on the use of conventional termiticides, attention is focused on finding safer alternative methods for termite management. Oil from citrus peel, re...
متن کاملTransfer of entomopathogenic fungi among formosan subterranean termites and subsequent mortality
Strains of the entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin were screened for effectiveness against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki). Biological control methods are being considered to augment current integrated pest management schemes that involve chemical baits and nonrepellent termiticides. In this...
متن کامل